The
development of the modern guitar from its ancestral roots
has followed two parallel routes—the classical guitar and
the steel string guitar.
During the latter half of the nineteenth century, Spanish guitarist
and guitar maker Antonio
Torres (1817-1892) gave birth to what is now known as the modern
classical guitar. At the request of his friend and professional
guitarist Julian Arcas, Torres manipulated bracing patterns and
dimensions of the body and came up with something that pleased both
Arcas and the rest of the guitar community.
Before Torres began his illustrious career, guitars were built
with small bodies and a short scale length that produced little
tone or volume. Torres sought to build those complaints out of the
instrument. He made the body larger, expanded the string length
and made the body deeper. All of these improvements coupled with
the innovations in fan bracing patterns made big news and changed
the shape of the guitar world throughout Europe, and his innovations
gradually spread to the rest of the world. Torres’ ideas were
adopted by the shops of Manuel Ramirez in Spain and Herman Hauser
in Germany, who, with the help of the young guitarist Andres Segovia,
further developed the classical guitar.
The
development of the steel string guitar began in 1811 when Christian
Fredrich Martin was apprenticed to Johann Stauffer, a Viennese maker
of guitars and other instruments at the age of 15. Upon completing
his apprenticeship, he returned to his birthplace, Mark Neukirchen,
Germany, but imigrated soon after to the United States, eventually
settling in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, where there was a thriving German
community. Here he established his guitar building business, building
the gut-strung European guitar but with the the innovation of using
x-bracing under the soundboard. Carrying on the family business,
Martin's descendants saw the demand for a new style of guitar, one
which could generate a larger volume of sound and blend well with
much louder banjos, mandolins, and fiddles when played at barn dances.
By 1900 the development of steel strings, which produce a louder
sound than gut strings, necessitated a stronger x-brace under the
soundboard. These two elements together produce the desired characteristics
of the modern steel string guitar.
Through the years and continuing today, musicians have voiced their
needs and wants to luthiers in order to get exactly what they desire
in an instrument. Over the course of one hundred and fifty years
the guitar has taken many shapes and sizes. Many people—luthiers
and musicians alike—have put forth ideas in hopes of coming
up with the perfect guitar. Those who succeeded did so because their
instruments matched both their customers’ and the builder’s
ideas of the perfect guitar.
While mass producers of instruments may produce a fine instrument,
they are not able to match design and materials for consistent results
and the evolution of their design often comes to a standstill. At
Woodsound Studio I strive to to fulfill the needs of many players
by producing guitars with a variety of balanced tonal schemes. I
achieve this through one-off production, the manipulation of bracing
patterns, and the selection of appropriate woods and finishes, coupled
with a subtle blend of trim and appointments.
I offer both steel
string and classical
instruments in varying grades to meet your desires and, with advanced
designs, to improve your ability. Beginning with my conservatory
models through the elite master models, you will see, feel, and
hear the difference in my instruments.
In addition to guitars, Woodsound Studio produces a line of fine
hand-built mandolins.
The
Blodgett Mandolins
John builds a variety of mandolin-family instruments: carved-top
mandolins, mandolas, octave-mandolins, and citterns, all of his
own design—designs that are informed by his broad exposure
to instruments from the past but which also incorporate modern elements
and contemporary understandings of acoustics.
The Mandolin In History
The mandolin traces its history back to some of the earliest musical
instruments built by our ancestors from a gourd, a stick, a string
of stretched sinew, and a finger, plectrum or a bow. The modern
mandolin family was developed from the European lute, itself a decendent
of the Arabic oud,
introduced to Spain during the Moorish conquest of 711 to 1492 and
spread throughout Europe by coastal trade, especially Italy, where
the instrument would undergo a great transformation during the Italian
Renaissance. These multi-coursed stringed instruments were of a
flat-topped design, with a curved, many staved, bowl-shaped back
that in Europe acquired the tied gut fret, easing the learning of
intonation and furthering the chording capabilities. The mandolin
is in reality a short-necked lute with four double courses for a
total eight strings, tuned as the violin, E-A-D-G. Here we see the
diverging path of the flat topped, plucked instruments and carved,
bowed stringed instruments, only to see the technologies fuse again
with the invention of the modern carved top and back mandolins by
the inventive mind of Orville H. Gibson.
Orville Gibson was granted a patent in 1898 for his new arched
top and back mandolins based on the principles of violin construction.
This break with traditional bowl-back instruments spelled their
doom. The new flat-back mandolin was easier to hold, had better
projection and the wider neck gave more room for fingering. From
that day to this, the mandolin is still developing, stylistically
varied, but more importantly, tonal qualities linked to different
genres of music, such as Bluegrass, Celtic, old timey, country and
popular. There has even been a resurgence of interest in classical
mandolin.
The Pinkham Guitars • The
Blodgett Mandolins
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